Njira Zowerengera
Momwe nambala iliyonse ya pa tsambali imapezedwera, kuti iliyonse ingathe kubwerezedwa.
Ziwerengero zonse zimaganiza gudumu la ku Ulaya lachilungamo: tibowo 37 tokhala ndi kuthekera kofanana, kuzungulira kodziyimira payokhamasamuKuzungulira kodziyimira payokhaKuzungulira kulikonse kuli ndi kuthekera kofanana mosasamala kanthu za mbiri. Maziko a kuwerengera kulikonse pa tsamba lino.Werengani yonse →, malipirondalamaMalipiroZimene betcha lopambana limabweza, zotchulidwa ngati “X ku 1” kuwonjezera pa ndalama zobetcha zobwezedwa.Werengani yonse → 36/n − 1, palibe la partagelamuloLa partageLamulo la ku France: ziro ikatuluka, theka la ndalama zobetcha pa even-money limabwezedwa. Limachepetsa phindu la kasino ndi theka pa mabetcha amenewo kufika 1.35%.Werengani yonse → pokhapokha ngati zanenedwa. Zoyerekezera zimagwiritsa ntchito jenereta yokhala ndi mbewu (seed) ndipo zimanena mbewu yake ndi kukula kwa chitsanzo.
Ziwerengero za fomula
KuthekeramasamuKuthekeraMwayi wa zotsatira, kuchokera 0 mpaka 1 kapena 0% mpaka 100%. Nambala imodzi: 1/37 = 2.70%.Werengani yonse → = manambala ophimbidwa / 37. Mtengo woyembekezekamasamuMtengo woyembekezekaZotsatira zapakati pa betcha lililonse pa nthawi yayitali. −1/37 ya ndalama zobetcha pa betcha lililonse la ku Ulaya wamba.Werengani yonse → = −ndalama zobetcha/37. KusinthasinthamasamuKusinthasinthaMuyeso wa kufalikira kwa zotsatira kuzungulira mtengo woyembekezeka. Kwakukulu pa straight up, kochepa pa mabetcha a even-money.Werengani yonse → pa unitndalamaUnitNdalama zobetcha zoyambira zimene dongosolo kapena wosewera amagwiritsa ntchito. Maprogression amafotokozedwa mu ma unit kuti agwire ntchito pa tebulo lililonse.Werengani yonse → = p·W² + (1 − p) − EV². Motsatizana: (18/37)ᵏ. Chiopsezo chotha ndalama zonsemasamuChiopsezo chotha ndalama zonseKuthekera kotaya ndalama zonse zosewerera musanafike cholinga kapena chiwerengero cha kuzungulira.Werengani yonse →: fomula ya gambler’s ruin ndi p = 18/37. Kuyerekezera kukula kwa chitsanzo: kuyandikira kwa normal ku mayeso a gawo limodzi pa α = 0.05 mbali imodzi ndi mphamvu ya 80%.
Zoyerekezera
Magawo a Monte Carlo amagwiritsa ntchito mabetcha a even-moneybetchaBetcha la even-moneyZofiira/zakuda, osakhala awiriawiri/awiriawiri, okwera/otsika. Manambala 18, amalipira 1:1.Werengani yonse → okhala ndi kuthekera kopambana kwa 18/37. Mabetcha amaletsedwa kupitirira malire a tebulotebuloMalire a tebuloBetcha lochepa kwambiri ndi lalikulu kwambiri lololedwa. Malire apamwamba ndiwo amaimitsa maprogression owirikiza.Werengani yonse → ndi ndalama zosewererandalamaNdalama zosewereraNdalama zonse zimene mwazisiyira masewera. Kusamalira ndalama zosewerera ndiko kusankha kuchuluka kwake komwe mungaike pachiopsezo pa betcha lililonse ndi pa gawo lililonse la masewera.Werengani yonse → zotsala; gawo limatha pa chiwerengero cha kuzungulira kapena pa ziro. Malamulo a progressionnjiraProgressionLamulo lililonse limene limasintha ndalama zobetcha potengera zotsatira zakale. Maprogression olakwika amazikweza pambuyo poluza, abwino pambuyo popambana.Werengani yonse → amafotokozedwa pa tsamba lililonse la njira. Mbewu ndi zokhazikika kuti kakhazikitsidwe kena kabwerezedwe pa ulendo uliwonse; Choyerekezera Gawo la Roulette chimaonetsa mbewu yake ngati nambala ya gawo.
Mayeso a ziwerengero
Masamba a kukondera kwa gudumu amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Pearson a chi-square goodness-of-fit okhala ndi madigiri a ufululabuMadigiri a ufuluChiwerengero cha mitengo yodziyimira payokha mu chiwerengero cha ziwerengero. Pa mayeso a chi-square pa tibowo 37 ndi 36, chifukwa ziwerengero ziyenera kuphatikizana kufika chiwerengero chonse.Werengani yonse → 36. P-valuelabup-valueKuthekera koona kupatuka kofanana kapena kokulirapo kuposa komwe kwaonedwa ngati gudumu likanakhala lachilungamo.Werengani yonse → imachokera ku regularized incomplete gamma function. Mayeso a magawogudumuGawoMndandanda wolumikizana wa tibowo pa gudumu, mosiyana ndi gulu pa dongosolo la mabetcha.Werengani yonse → amanena kupatuka m’kupatuka kokhazikikamasamuKupatuka kokhazikikaMuzu wa sikweya wa kusinthasintha; mtunda wanthawi zonse wa zotsatira kuchokera ku mtengo woyembekezeka.Werengani yonse → kwa binomial yokhala ndi p = tibowozipangizoKabowoChimodzi mwa tibowo 37 tokhala ndi manambala pa rotor. Kamatchedwanso: slot, cup.Werengani yonse →/37.
Kuzungulitsa manambala
Maperesenti amaonetsedwa ndi madesimali awiri, ndalama mpaka senti, ndipo masenti amachotsedwa pa ndalama za madola athunthu. Mawerengedwe apakati sazunguliridwa.
Nthabwala yopumitsa
Nambala iliyonse pano ikhoza kuwerengedwanso ndipo imatuluka chimodzimodzi.