Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe · Mbiri · Malo · mphindi 9

Roulette ya Monte Carlo

Kasino imene inasandutsa dziko laling’ono la kalonga kukhala kwawo kwa gudumu la ziro imodzi.

Yankho lalifupi

Yotsegulidwa mu 1863 pansi pa François Blanc, Casino de Monte-Carlo inapangitsa gudumu la ku Ulaya kukhala muyezo wa ku Ulaya konse ndipo inapatsa roulette nkhani zake zodziwika kwambiri, kuchokera ku gudumu lokondera la Jagger kufika ku zakuda 26 za 1913.

inatsegulidwa
1863
woyendetsa
François Blanc
zakuda 26
18 August 1913
msonkho wa ndalama zopeza unathetsedwa
1869

N’chifukwa chiyani Monaco

M’ma 1850 Monaco inali thanthwe losauka lokhala ndi kalonga, nyumba yachifumu ndi lopanda mafakitale. Kutchova juga kunali kuletsedwa m’maiko a ku Germany, kumene makasino a m’matauni a akasupe anali atakula. Kalonga Charles III anapereka chilolezo cha kasino mu 1856; kuyesa koyamba kunalephera chifukwa chosowa njanji ndi msewu. François Blanc, amene anapangitsa Bad Homburg kukhala yotchuka, anagula chilolezocho mu 1863, anamanga Société des Bains de Mer, anakakamiza kuti njanji kuchokera ku Nice imangidwe, ndipo anatcha dera latsopanolo Monte Carlo potsatira kalonga. Kasino inapereka ndalama ku boma mokwanira kotero kuti msonkho wa ndalama zopeza unathetsedwa mu 1869 ndipo sunabwerere konse.

Bad Homburg ndi Makasino a M’matauni a Akasupe

Ziro imodzi ngati lamulo

Blanc anabweretsa gudumu la zirogudumuZiroKabowo kamodzi kobiriwira kamene betcha la even-money, dazeni kapena mzati siliphimba; gwero la phindu la kasino. Imatchedwanso: ziro imodzi, 0.Werengani yonse → imodzi kuchokera ku Homburg. Ku Monte Carlo silinali njira yopikisana koma muyezo: tebulo lililonse, tsiku lililonse. Osewera ochokera ku Ulaya konse anaphunzira masewera a roulette a Monte Carlo pa 2.70% ndipo anayembekezera zomwezo kwina, n’chifukwa chake ziro ziwirimtunduZiro ziwiriKabowo ka 00 pa gudumu la ku America. Kukhalapo kwake kumakweza phindu la kasino kuchoka pa 2.70% kufika 5.26%.Werengani yonse → imapulumuka kokha kumene Monte Carlo sinakhazikitse muyezo.

Monte Carlo ndi gudumu
1856

Chilolezo choyamba cha kasino ku Monaco. Chikulephera: palibe msewu, palibe njanji, osewera ochepa.

1863

François Blanc akutenga ulamuliro. Société des Bains de Mer ikukhazikitsidwa.

1868

Njanji kuchokera ku Nice ikutsegulidwa. Alendo akufika ndi sitima zodzaza.

1869

Msonkho wa ndalama zopeza ukuthetsedwa ku Monaco.

cha m’ma 1880

Joseph Jagger akupeza kukondera m’magudumu ndipo akupambana chuma chambiri; kasino ikusunthasuntha magudumu ake, kenako ikuwasintha.

1891

Charles Wells “akuswa banki” kangapo m’masiku ochepa, ndi mwayi ndi dongosolo limene sanalifotokoze konse.

1913

Zakuda 26 motsatizana. Chinyengo cha wotchova juga chikupeza dzina lake lina.

1933

Casino de Monte-Carlo ikutaya ulamuliro wake wokha pa kutchova juga ku Riviera pamene makasino a ku France akutsegulidwanso.

Roulette ku UlayaRoulette ya ku Ulaya

Kuswa banki

Tebulo lililonse la roulette ku Monte Carlo linali ndi ndalama zosungidwa, “banki”. Pamene wosewera wapambana kuposa ndalama zosungidwazo, tebulo linaphimbidwa ndi nsalu yakudabetchaZakudaBetcha la even-money pa manambala 18 akuda. Mu Chifalansa: noir.Werengani yonse → pamene ndalama zina zinali kubweretsedwa: banki “inaswedwa”. Zinachitika kawirikawiri ndipo zinali malonda abwino kwambiri; sizinatanthauze kuti kasino inataya ndalama yonse, koma kuti ndalama za tebulo limodzi zinatha. Charles Wells anachita zimenezi kangapo mu 1891 ndi nthawi yodabwitsa, anakhala nyimbo ya m’maholo a nyimbo, ndipo anataya gawo lake m’nyengo yozizira imeneyo.

Banki yoswedwa: tebulo laphimbidwa ndi nsalu yakuda pamene ndalama zina zikubweretsedwa.

Munthu Amene Anaswa Banki

Nkhani

Gudumu lokonderalabuGudumu lokonderaGudumu limene zolakwika zake zakuthupi zimapangitsa tibowo tina kukhala ndi kuthekera kopitirira 1/37. Ndi losowa, ndipo limadziwika pokhapokha ndi kuzungulira masauzande ambiri kolembedwa.Werengani yonse → la Joseph Jagger (cha m’ma 1880), Wells (1891) ndi zakuda 26 (1913) zonse zinachitika kuno, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi tsamba lake. Dipatimenti ya malonda ya kasino, imene inali patsogolo pa nthawi yake, inaonetsetsa kuti iliyonse inanenedwa m’manyuzipepala a ku London. Nthano ya malo kumene chuma chinapambanidwa inagulitsa matikiti a njanji ambiri kuposa nkhani iliyonse yoona ya 2.70%.

nkhanichakazimene zinachitikadiphunziro
Gudumu la Jaggercha m’ma 1880kukondera kwenikweni, kogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zambiri zolembedwa, kokonzedwa ndi kasinokukondera kulipo; nakonso kukonza kulipo
Wells akuswa banki1891mwayi ndi dongosolo lachinsinsi; anataya gawo lake m’nyengo yozizira imeneyokusinthasintha, osati dongosolo
zakuda 261913zotsatizana za 1 pa 137 miliyoni; osewera anataya pobetcha motsutsana nazochinyengo cha wotchova juga
nsalu yakudakawirikawirindalama za tebulo zinatha, osati za kasinomalonda

Masewera a roulette a Monte Carlo lero

Kasino idakali kugwira ntchito, ndipo roulette idakali pakati pa holo yaikulu, ndi magudumu a ziro imodzi ndi malamulo a ku France (la partagelamuloLa partageLamulo la ku France: ziro ikatuluka, theka la ndalama zobetcha pa even-money limabwezedwa. Limachepetsa phindu la kasino ndi theka pa mabetcha amenewo kufika 1.35%.Werengani yonse → kapena en prisonlamuloEn prisonLamulo la ku France: ziro ikatuluka, betcha la even-money limasungidwa kwa kuzungulira kotsatira m’malo moluzidwa. Limachepetsa phindu la kasino ndi theka pa mabetcha amenewo.Werengani yonse → pa even money). Société des Bains de Mer idakali kampani yaikulu ya dzikolo. Njira ya Monte Carlo mu masamu, yotchedwa ndi Ulam ndi von Neumann m’ma 1940 potsatira kasino, ndiyo imayendetsa zoyerekezera za patsamba lino.

Lamulo la En Prison mu RouletteRoulette ya ku France

Mafunso

Kodi nzika za Monaco zingathe kutchova juga m’kasino?

Ayi. Zakhala zoletsedwa kuyambira m’zaka za zana la 19; kasino inali ya alendo.

Kodi zotsatizana za zakuda 26 zinalembedwa?

Zimanenedwa mofanana m’nkhani za pambuyo pake; zolemba za kasino za nthawi imeneyo sizili poyera. KuthekeramasamuKuthekeraMwayi wa zotsatira, kuchokera 0 mpaka 1 kapena 0% mpaka 100%. Nambala imodzi: 1/37 = 2.70%.Werengani yonse → kukugwirizana ndi zimenezo kuchitika kwinakwake m’zaka makumi asanu za masewera.

N’chifukwa chiyani njira yoyerekeza imatchedwa Monte Carlo?

Amalume ake a Stanislaw Ulam ankatchova juga kumeneko; dzinali linali mawu achinsinsi a kusankha zitsanzo mwachisawawa pa Manhattan Project.

Nthabwala yopumitsa

Banki inaswedwa kawirikawiri. Kasino sinali pangozi konse.

Banki inaswedwa kawirikawiri. Kasino sinali pangozi konse.

Magwero

  1. Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham, 2006.
  2. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1983.
  3. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
zinawunikidwa 2026-09-28chitsanzo: ya ku Ulaya, ziro imodzinjira zowerengera ↗magwero ↗