François Blanc
Woyendetsa kasino amene anachotsa ziro ziwirimtunduZiro ziwiriKabowo ka 00 pa gudumu la ku America. Kukhalapo kwake kumakweza phindu la kasino kuchoka pa 2.70% kufika 5.26%.Werengani yonse →, ndipo ankadziwa bwino zimene zikanachitika.

François Blanc (1806–1877) anayambitsa gudumu la ziro imodzi ku Bad Homburg mu 1843 kuti atsitse mtengo kuposa makasino a matauni a akasupe opikisana nawo, kenako anamanga Monte Carlo pa gudumu lomwelo. “Mphatso” kwa osewera inali kutsitsa mtengo kumene kunagula gawo la msika.
Asanafike ku Homburg
François ndi mapasa ake Louis anayamba ngati ochita malonda ongoyerekeza ku Bordeaux m’ma 1830, kumene anapezeka olakwa popereka ziphuphu kwa ogwira ntchito pa telegalafu kuti adziwe mitengo ya mabondi a ku Paris msika usanadziwe, chitsanzo choyambirira cha kupezerapo phindu pa nkhani zobisika. Atakhala m’ndende nthawi yochepa analowa mu bizinesi ya makasino, poyamba ku Luxembourg, kenako anatenga chilolezo cha tauni yaing’ono ya akasupe ya Bad Homburg mu 1841.

Ziro imodzi
Homburg inkapikisana ndi matauni a akasupe akale a Baden-Baden ndi Wiesbaden, amene magudumu awo anali ndi zirogudumuZiroKabowo kamodzi kobiriwira kamene betcha la even-money, dazeni kapena mzati siliphimba; gwero la phindu la kasino. Imatchedwanso: ziro imodzi, 0.Werengani yonse → ziwiri. Abale a Blanc analengeza gudumu lokhala ndi imodzi. Phindu la kasinomasamuPhindu la kasinoGawo la ndalama zobetcha zilizonse limene kasino imasunga pa avareji: 2.70% mu roulette ya ku Ulaya.Werengani yonse → linatsika kuchoka pa 5.26% kufika pa 2.70%, ndipo zotsatsa zinangodzilemba zokha: kasino yokhayo ku Ulaya kumene mwayi wa wosewera unali wabwino kuwirikiza kawiri. Osewera anabwera, Homburg inakula, ndipo opikisana nawo pomaliza anatsatira. Sikunali kuwolowa manja. Kunali kutsitsa mtengo pa msika umene katundu anali wofanana ndipo mtengo ndiwo unali chida chokhacho.
Monaco
Pamene Prussia inalanda Hesse-Homburg mu 1866 ndipo juga ya ku Germany inayamba kutsekedwa (matebulo omaliza anatsekedwa mu 1872), Blanc anali atasamuka kale. Anagula chilolezo cha Monaco chimene chinali kulephera mu 1863, anaika ndalama mu njanji ndi mahotela, ndipo anayendetsa kasino ngati malo opumulira osati chipinda cha juga chabe. Ziro imodzi inabwera naye ndipo inakhala yofala ku Ulaya. Banja la Blanc linalandira gawo la ndalama za kasino ya Monaco kwa mibadwo yambiri; mwana wake wamkazi anakwatiwa m’banja la akalonga a Radziwiłł ndipo mdzukulu wake wamkazi m’banja la Bonaparte.
Abadwira ku Courthézon, Vaucluse, pamodzi ndi mapasa ake Louis.
Bordeaux: malonda ongoyerekeza, ziphuphu pa telegalafu, kupezeka wolakwa.
Chilolezo cha Bad Homburg.
Gudumu la ziro imodzi liyambitsidwa ku Homburg.
Agula chilolezo cha Monaco; akhazikitsa Société des Bains de Mer.
Njanji yopita ku Monte Carlo itsegulidwa.
Makasino a ku Germany atsekedwa; Monte Carlo ndiyo yokhayo pa kontinenti.
Amwalira ku Switzerland, mmodzi mwa anthu olemera kwambiri ku Ulaya.
Zimene ankamvetsa
Kuti phindu la kasino ndi mtengo, kuti osewera amayerekeza mitengo ngakhale pamene sangathe kuiwerengera, ndi kuti mtengo wotsika wokhala ndi makasitomala ambiri umaposa mtengo wokwera wokhala ndi ochepa. Ndalama za Monte Carlo pa 2.70% zinaposa kwambiri za Homburg pa 5.26% chifukwa panali osewera ambiri, matebulo ambiri ndi kuzungulira kochuluka. Masamu a kutayika koyembekezekamasamuKutayika koyembekezekaMtengo woyembekezeka kuchulukitsa ndi ndalama zonse zobetchedwa; kuchuluka kwapakati kwa ndalama zotayika mu gawo la masewera kapena nthawi inayake.Werengani yonse → (phindu la kasino × ndalama zonse zobetchedwandalamaNdalama zonse zobetchedwaNdalama zonse zobetchedwa mu gawo la masewera kapena nthawi inayake, kuphatikizapo ndalama zopambana zobetchedwanso. Zimatchedwanso: handle, action.Werengani yonse →) anali njira yake ya bizinesi wina aliyense asanawalembe kwa osewera.
Cholowa chake
Gudumu lililonse la ziro imodzi padziko lapansi ndi la Blanc. Chimodzimodzinso malo amakono opumulira okhala ndi kasino: lingaliro loti kasino ndi gawo limodzi la malo okaona okhala ndi mahotela, nyumba ya opera ndi siteshoni ya sitima. Gudumu la ku America linasunga ziro yachiwiri chifukwa palibe Blanc amene anafika kudzatsitsa mtengo; gudumu la ziro zitatu la 2016 ndi kusuntha kotsutsana nako, kopangidwa kumene osewera analibe Monte Carlo yoyerekeza nayo.
Gudumu ndi Malamulo a Roulette ya ku AmericaRoulette ya Ziro Zitatu
Mafunso
Iye anaiyambitsa ndi kuifalitsa. Magudumu a ziro imodzi mwina anayesedwa kale; Homburg inaipanga kukhala ndondomeko.
Zosiyana ndi zimenezo. Kuchuluka kwa masewera kunakwera kuposa momwe phindu pa betcha lililonse linatsikira.
Dzina limene mtolankhani anamupatsa chifukwa chosandutsa tauni yaing’ono ya akasupe kukhala likulu la juga ku Ulaya m’zaka khumi.
Nthabwala yopumitsa

Kutsitsa mtengo, osati mphatso. Kuchuluka kwa osewera kunachita zina zonse.
Magwero
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.