Kufunika kwa Ziwerengero

Kodi p-value ndi chiyani

KuthekeramasamuKuthekeraMwayi wa zotsatira, kuchokera 0 mpaka 1 kapena 0% mpaka 100%. Nambala imodzi: 1/37 = 2.70%.Werengani yonse → koona kupatuka kofanana kapena kokulirapo kuposa komwe kwaonedwa, ngati gudumu likanakhala lachilungamo. Ndi chonena chokhudza zambiri pansi pa lingaliro, osati chokhudza gudumu. p-valuelabup-valueKuthekera koona kupatuka kofanana kapena kokulirapo kuposa komwe kwaonedwa ngati gudumu likanakhala lachilungamo.Werengani yonse → ya 0.03 imati: gudumu lachilungamo limachita zimenezi 3% ya nthawi. Siimati: pali mwayi wa 97% woti gudumu ndi lokondera. Chonena chachiwiri chikanafunika kudziwa mmene magudumu okonderalabuGudumu lokonderaGudumu limene zolakwika zake zakuthupi zimapangitsa tibowo tina kukhala ndi kuthekera kopitirira 1/37. Ndi losowa, ndipo limadziwika pokhapokha ndi kuzungulira masauzande ambiri kolembedwa.Werengani yonse → alili ofala poyamba, ndipo m’kasino yamakono ndi osowa kwambiri, zimene zimapangitsa zotsatira zimodzi zofunika kukhala mwangozi kuposa chopezeka.

Kuyerekeza kangapo

Mayeso aliwonse amene mumachita pa gudumu lachilungamo ali ndi mwayi wa 5% wopambana pa mlingo wa 5%. Yesani magudumu makumi awiri ndipo limodzi limapambana. Yesani gudumu limodzi pa nthawi makumi awiri zosiyana ndipo imodzi imapambana. Yesani chitsanzo chimodzi ndi magulu 37 a kabowozipangizoKabowoChimodzi mwa tibowo 37 tokhala ndi manambala pa rotor. Kamatchedwanso: slot, cup.Werengani yonse →, magulu asanu ndi limodzi a gawogudumuGawoMndandanda wolumikizana wa tibowo pa gudumu, mosiyana ndi gulu pa dongosolo la mabetcha.Werengani yonse → ndi magulu atatu a mtundu ndipo china chake chimapambana. Mankhwala ake ndi kusankha mayeso musanayang’ane zambiri, kuwachita kamodzi, ndi kutsimikiza pa zambiri zatsopano. Kuyang’anayang’ana kumene kumapeza gudumu “lokondera” kawirikawiri ndiko kumene kunapanga zotsatirazo.

Kufunika poyerekeza ndi kukula

Chitsanzo chachikulu kwambiri chingathe kupangitsa kukondera kwachabechabe kukhala kofunika. Kabowo kogundidwa pa 1/36.5 m’malo mwa 1/37 ndi vuto lenileni limene likanafika pa kufunika pa kuzungulira mamiliyoni ochepa ndipo likanatayabe ndalama pa malipirondalamaMalipiroZimene betcha lopambana limabweza, zotchulidwa ngati “X ku 1” kuwonjezera pa ndalama zobetcha zobwezedwa.Werengani yonse → a 35 ku 1. Chofunika kwa wosewera ndi kukula kwa zotsatira: kodi kabowo kalikonse kamagundidwa pa 1/36 kapena kuposa, ndipo ndi zingati? Chi-square imakuuzani za gudumu; mlingo wa kugunda wokha ndiwo umakuuzani za betcha.

Mphamvu (power)

Cholakwika china ndi kuphonya kukondera kumene kulipo. Ndi kuzungulira 1,000, kabowo ka 1/30 (kukondera kwakukulu kwambiri) kamazindikirika pafupifupi theka la nthawi pa mlingo wa 5%. Kukula kwa chitsanzo, osati nzeru, ndiko kumakonza zimenezi. Tsamba la Kukula kwa Chitsanzo limapereka manambala.

Muyezo wothandiza

Kuti chonena cha kukondera chikhale chosangalatsa: mayeso osankhidwa pasadakhale, p < 0.01 m’malo mwa 0.05, kubwereza pa chitsanzo chodziyimira payokha cha kukula kofanana, ndi mlingo woyerekezeka wa kugunda pa tibowo tokondedwa wa 1/34 kapena kuposa pambuyo pobwereza. Muyezo umenewo wakwaniritsidwa kangapo kochepa m’mbiri ya masewerawa ndipo sunakwaniritsidwe konse, monga mmene zolembedwa zapoyera zikuonetsera, pa gudumu lamakono losamalidwa.

Mafunso