Mndandanda wa Mawu · masamu
Mtengo woyembekezeka
Zotsatira zapakati pa betcha lililonse pa nthawi yayitali. −1/37 ya ndalama zobetcha pa betcha lililonse la ku Ulaya wamba.
M’nkhani
EV = p·kupambana − (1 − p)·ndalama zobetcha. Mu roulette lamulo la malipirondalamaMalipiroZimene betcha lopambana limabweza, zotchulidwa ngati “X ku 1” kuwonjezera pa ndalama zobetcha zobwezedwa.Werengani yonse → limapangitsa kukula kwa betcha kuchotsana: betcha lililonse ndi −2.70%.
Kodi mumadziwa
Lingaliroli linabadwa mu 1654 m’makalata pakati pa Pascal ndi Fermat okhudza momwe angagawire ndalama za pa masewera a madayisi oimitsidwa, “vuto la mapointi”.